Knee replacement
(Knee arthroplasty)
What is Knee Replacement (Knee Arthroplasty)?
Knee replacement is a surgical procedure that involves removing a worn or damaged knee joint and replacing it with an artificial joint. It is typically recommended for patients experiencing severe pain and limited mobility due to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or knee trauma.
The surgery is usually performed under general anesthesia, and patients are often discharged within a few days. Following knee arthroplasty, a physical therapy regimen begins to help strengthen the joint and improve mobility.
Successful knee replacement can significantly enhance patients’ quality of life, allowing them to perform daily activities more comfortably. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks and potential complications, so it is essential for patients to have a thorough evaluation with their doctors.
Before Surgery
After Surgery
What is the lifespan of a knee prosthesis?
The lifespan of a knee prosthesis typically ranges from 15 to 20 years. However, this duration can vary based on factors such as the patient’s age, activity level, body weight, and the quality of the prosthesis. Regular check-ups and proper care can extend the lifespan of the prosthesis.
What lifestyle changes should be made after surgery?
- Some lifestyle changes may be necessary after surgery:
- Weight management: Excess weight puts additional strain on the knee joints, so maintaining a healthy weight is important.
- Regular exercise: Following a physical therapy program helps to increase the strength and mobility of the joint.
- Avoiding high-impact activities: Steering clear of overly strenuous physical activities can prolong the lifespan of the prosthesis.
- Healthy diet: A balanced diet contributes to overall health and the recovery process.
What are the potential complications and how can they be prevented?
- Infection: There is a risk of infection after surgery. Performing surgeries in sterile environments and maintaining good hygiene practices can help prevent infection.
- Blood clots: Blood clots may form. To reduce this risk, it’s important to stay mobile, perform leg exercises, and use blood-thinning medications if necessary.
- Pain and stiffness: Post-surgery pain and stiffness can occur. Physical therapy and regular exercise can alleviate this issue.
- Prosthesis dislocation or misalignment: Proper surgical techniques and correct placement of the prosthesis can reduce this risk.
Who Needs Knee Replacement Surgery?
Knee replacement is often recommended for individuals with the following conditions:
- Osteoarthritis: This is the most common reason for knee replacement surgery. Osteoarthritis causes the protective cartilage in the knee to wear down over time, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation in the joints, causing pain and destruction of the cartilage.
- Post-Traumatic Arthritis: Arthritis that develops after an injury to the knee, such as fractures or ligament tears, leading to long-term damage and pain.
- Deformities or Severe Injury: Severe knee deformities, instability, or injury that significantly impairs mobility may also warrant a knee replacement.
Patients typically experience severe knee pain, stiffness, and difficulty performing everyday activities like walking, climbing stairs, or getting up from a seated position. Knee replacement surgery is considered when other treatments fail to provide sufficient relief.
Types of Knee Replacement Surgery
There are several types of knee replacement procedures, depending on the extent of the joint damage:
- Total Knee Replacement (TKR): This is the most common type of knee arthroplasty. The entire knee joint is replaced with artificial components, including the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and patella (kneecap) if necessary. Total knee replacement provides comprehensive pain relief and improved function.
- Partial Knee Replacement (PKR): In cases where only one part of the knee joint is damaged, a partial knee replacement may be performed. This involves replacing only the affected compartment, leaving the healthy bone and cartilage intact. PKR is less invasive than total knee replacement and may lead to faster recovery.
- Kneecap Replacement (Patellofemoral Arthroplasty): This procedure is performed when only the kneecap and the groove in which it moves (trochlear groove) are damaged. It is less common than other forms of knee replacement but may be an option for patients with isolated patellofemoral arthritis.
- Complex (Revision) Knee Replacement: In some cases, a previously replaced knee may need to be revised or re-operated due to implant wear, loosening, or infection. This is a more complex procedure than primary knee replacement.
Preparation for Knee Replacement Surgery
Before undergoing knee arthroplasty, patients will typically go through a series of evaluations and preparations:
- Medical Evaluation: A thorough medical examination, including blood tests, X-rays, and possibly an MRI, will be performed to assess the extent of joint damage and overall health.
- Pre-Surgery Physical Therapy: Patients may be asked to engage in physical therapy exercises to strengthen the muscles around the knee, which can aid in post-surgery recovery.
- Home Preparation: It’s essential to prepare the home for post-surgery recovery, which may include installing handrails, arranging for help with daily activities, and clearing pathways for safe mobility.
- Medication Adjustments: Certain medications, such as blood thinners, may need to be stopped prior to surgery to reduce the risk of complications.
Recovery After Knee Replacement Surgery
Post-surgery recovery is an essential phase in achieving the best outcomes from knee replacement surgery. Patients are typically encouraged to begin moving the knee shortly after surgery with the help of a physical therapist.
- Hospital Stay: Patients usually stay in the hospital for 1-3 days after surgery, depending on their condition and recovery progress.
- Physical Therapy: Regular physical therapy is a key component of recovery. The therapist will guide the patient through exercises to improve knee movement, strengthen the surrounding muscles, and promote walking without pain. Adhering to the therapy plan is critical for a successful recovery.
- Mobility Aids: Patients may initially need to use crutches, walkers, or canes to assist with walking while the knee heals.
- Pain Management: Pain and swelling are common after surgery and can be managed with medications prescribed by the surgeon. Cold therapy and elevating the knee can also help reduce swelling.
- Full Recovery: Most patients can resume light activities within 4-6 weeks, but full recovery and the ability to perform more demanding activities may take several months. It is important to follow the surgeon’s advice regarding activity levels to avoid complications.
